Ebook gratuit The dinosaurs rediscovered : How a Scientific Revolution is Rewriting History
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The dinosaurs rediscovered : How a Scientific Revolution is Rewriting History
Ebook gratuit The dinosaurs rediscovered : How a Scientific Revolution is Rewriting History
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Détails sur le produit
Relié: 336 pages
Editeur : Thames & Hudson Ltd (4 avril 2019)
Langue : Anglais
ISBN-10: 050005200X
ISBN-13: 978-0500052006
Dimensions du produit:
16,5 x 3,3 x 24,4 cm
Moyenne des commentaires client :
4.0 étoiles sur 5
1 commentaire client
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Bon livre (en anglais) sur les dinosaures en général, avec un auteur bien connus qui explique ce que l'on sait dans l'état actuel(2017) sur l'état des connaissances, mais en abordant peu les espèces. Livre plutôt narratif mais très plaisant.A recommander aux passionnés de dinosaures!
Especially for us oldsters who were fascinated by dinosaurs 50-60 years ago and haven’t kept up with all the advancements in knowledge since then. I still have a T. Rex figure with the old tail-dragging posture that my parents bought for me at the American Museum of Natural History in 1960 that I keep displayed to remind me of how much has been learned.
Dinosaurs Rediscovered is an engagingly written and highly personalized account of dinosaurs, generally covering the field’s perceived advances from 1980 to the present. The publisher Thames & Hudson did an outstanding job in producing the book, formatting, and in the selection of paper.The author notes that the field transformed from 1984 onwards by cladistic methods, and the resulting phylogenetic trees or cladograms have thus become the “basis†for evaluating evolutionary models and all things dinosaurian, including anatomical reconstructions, physiology, behaviour, etc. The work described is rather restricted, with most emphasis given to the University of Bristol’s vertebrate palaeontologists, often ignoring important discoveries from other groups, and regrettably ignoring most conflicting evidence. The most egregious is the complete omission of any discussion of the persisting problem of dinosaur/avian digital homology.Benton begins with the discovery (in his laboratory) of microsomes known as melanosomes from SEMs of fibers from the back of the small theropod Sinosauropteryx, that were described as “proto-feathers†back in 1998. However, there was never any evidence that the fibers had any feather affinity, and many who studied the specimens found an external coating of small tubercular scales above the layer of fibers —- since prepared away and lost! It is clear, however, that the fibers called proto-feathers or “dino-fuzz†were beneath the skin and therefore not feathers. Too, as South African palaeontologist Lingham-Soliar showed in several important papers (not cited) the structures called melanosomes cannot be interpreted from the scanning electron micrograph (p. 8) as being within the fibers. Speculation!Plate V shows a fuzzy Sinosauropteryx with a ring tail like that of a civit or ring-tailed cat!! Then there is an outlandish image of a reconstruction of the Jurassic urvogel Anchiornis (incorrectly called a troodontid, see Pei ref below), as a terrestrial animal; but the feathers emanating from the legs and feet would have been a hindrance in ground locomotion. New fossil images (Pei et al., 2017 AMNH Bull 411, 66 pp) show claws consistent with tree-trunk climbing, similar to those of other urvogels. Plate VI shows photos of a “dinosaur tail†in amber, but there is NO evidence it is from a dinosaur and is most likely an enantiornithine bird.The section on dinosaur evolution is straight forward, but laden with speculation, and given the massive convergence among various archosaur lineages during the Triassic it is difficult to have full faith in the interpretations; and authors from Cambridge and the British Museum have questioned the time-honored phylogeny (pp. 82-84).Most of the remainder of the book is a romp through the various dinosaurian groups, with comments on everything from brains and internal organs to behaviour. Archaeopteryx is depicted as an earth-bound runner (p. 112), with open wings (like no living avian cursor – e.g. capercallie, chicken, etc.), despite the fact that Manchester’s Derek Yalden showed conclusively that the urvogel’s claws were those of a trunk-climber, quite similar in structure to those of woodpeckers and climbing mammals.Benton notes (122) without reservation that Sinosauropteryx “was the first dinosaur to have its feather colour determinedâ€â€”-and on page 123 he shows a feathered Caudipteryx with avian wing feathers and notes “it is clearly a theropod and not a bird†in contrast to numerous papers arguing that it is a secondarily flightless bird. If not, flight feathers, a perfection of aerodynamic engineering, would have to evolve in a non-flight context, a real stretch of biological thought!In chapter 5 “Jurassic Park†he seems ambivalent about reconstructing dinosaurs from ancient DNA, although most would agree that it is impossible. Certainly Mary Schweitzer’s supposed discovery of T. rex blood vessels and proteins has been firmly refuted. He comments on small genome size in birds and dinosaurs, but the studies conflated the two groups, and small genome size is to be found in flying animals: bats, pterosaurs and birds. Growth studies on dinosaurs are discussed but much of that has recently been brought into question. Allosaurus (188) and Tyrannosaurus, with no evidence, are shown with a feathered coat! Diplodocus (210) is shown with neck high in the air, a posture disputed by computer-generated imaging. Benton appears to favor the model of flight origin of Dial and Heers, but such a model requires a fully developed flight apparatus, and both putative dinosaurian ancestors of birds, urvogels, and even archosaurian antecedents, all lacked the pectoral architecture to enact this model. It just will not work. Much speculation!Finally, although there is no citation in the text, the monolithic bibliographic listing in the section on ‘Further Reading’ is alarming; it appears highly selected to bolster the Bristolian view of dinosaurs, while ignoring any contrary views, many of which are supported by solid scientific data. Most disturbingly, the discoveries by Chinese palaeontologists, especially those at Beijing’s Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, which in reality propelled the recent revolution in our knowledge of dinosaur/bird evolution is largely ignored.
This book is full of interesting information about what was once thought about the Mesozoic era to what is now being figured out and researched today. Backed with interesting stories of the past and the way that small findings changed the course of paleontology, I absolutely loved this book from start to finish.
Benton's very up to date book gives an overview of what is known about dinosaurs, in addition to their size and body plan. It also gives an accessible description of how what is known has been found out. He argues persuasively that large changes in dinosaur populations and and morphologies were more driven by external events, volcanic eruptions for example, than by simple competition with non-dinosaurs. He gives the reader the sense that paleontology has reached the stage of offering concrete reasons for what has been found. A good book.
The depth of coverage swept away lots of old misconception about these animals and their evolution. The section at the end about the asteroid strike and its effects gave me lots of new insights into the history of life on earth.
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